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FB を Windows でコンパイル

Preparations

Getting the FB source code

To compile a new version of FB, you first need to get the FB source code. The following assumes that you have a directory called fbc, containing the latest FB source code.

Installing a MinGW-w64 toolchain

このガイドでは、32ビットまたは64ビットバージョンの MinGW-w64∞ ツールチェーンを使って、それぞれ32ビット版または64ビット版の FB を作成します。
http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw-w64/files/∞ にアクセスして、32ビット版または64ビット版のFBをコンパイルするかどうかに応じて、Toolchains targetting Win64∞ または Toolchains targetting Win32∞ ディレクトリを入力します。
Personal Builds/mingw-builds/ サブディレクトリを入力し、最新のgccバージョンを選択し、threads-win32/sjlj/ サブディレクトリを入力して、そこから toolchain パッケージをダウンロードしてください。

Extract the toolchain into a new C:\MinGW-w64 directory, such that you end up with C:\MinGW-w64\bin\gcc.exe.

If you know what you are doing, you can also use a different MinGW-w64 toolchain, or even one from different projects such as MinGW.org or TDM-GCC. We have some more information on the MinGW toolchain choices on the DevGccToolchainChoice page.

Installing MSYS

MSYS (originally a Cygwin fork) brings a Unix-like shell environment to Windows, including GNU make, the bash shell and Unix command line tools such as cp and rm. For FB we need it to run the FB makefile and the FB test suite.

The needed MSYS packages can be downloaded and extracted by using the latest version of the mingw-get setup from the MinGW.org project∞.

Run the installer and choose C:\MinGW as installation directory. This way it will be separate from C:\MinGW-w64, avoiding potential conflicts. The MinGW Installation Manager (C:\MinGW\bin\mingw-get.exe) should be opened automatically afterwards. Use it to install the mingw-developer-toolkit package from the Basic Setup section by clicking the box left to the package name and selecting "Mark for Installation", then selecting Installation -> Apply Changes from the application's menu.

This should install the commonly needed MSYS components. We do not want to install the mingw32-base or mingw32-gcc-* packages here, because we are using an external MinGW-w64 toolchain instead of the MinGW.org one. If you do not wish to use the MinGW.org installer, you can also download the MinGW/MSYS packages manually from the MinGW project's download site∞.

Ultimately, MSYS should be installed at C:\MinGW\msys\1.0\. Now there are three important directories: C:\MinGW-w64\bin\, C:\MinGW\bin\ and C:\MinGW\msys\1.0\bin\. All of them must be added to the PATH environment variable (in the given order), so that the programs they include will be found when invoked from a command prompt or from the FB makefile.

In order to avoid modifying the system-wide PATH, you can use a open-msys.bat script like the following to open an MSYS bash with the needed PATH settings, everytime you need it:

set PATH=C:\MinGW\msys\1.0\bin;%PATH%
set PATH=C:\MinGW\bin;%PATH%
set PATH=C:\MinGW-w64\bin;%PATH%
C:\MinGW\msys\1.0\msys.bat

Getting libffi

The FB rtlib source code depends on libffi∞ headers (ffi.h and ffitarget.h) to be available in the gcc toolchains include directory (C:\MinGW-w64\i686-w64-mingw32\include for 32bit MinGW-w64 and C:\MinGW-w64\x86_64-w64-mingw32\include for 64bit MinGW-w64). Furthermore, the libffi.a library will be needed later when compiling FB programs that use ThreadCall.

Prebuilt versions of libffi are available from the fbc downloads area∞.

If you do not want to use a prebuilt version, but prefer to compile libffi manually instead, it is fairly simple. libffi uses the autotools (autoconf, automake, libtool) build system, so the corresponding packages have to be installed for MinGW/MSYS. Open the MSYS bash (with the proper PATH settings).

32bit:
```
$ ./configure
$ make
```
64bit: This requires working around MSYS' uname which still returns 32bit even on 64bit:
```
$ ./configure --build=x86_64-w64-mingw32 --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32
$ make
```

This should produce the libffi headers in a ./<platform-name>/include/ subdirectory and the compiled library in a ./<platform-name>/.libs/ subdirectory. You can then copy them into the corresponding directories of the MinGW-w64 toolchain (e.g. C:\MinGW-w64\<platform-name>\include|lib\ such that gcc will find them.

Standalone build (self-contained FB)

Getting an existing FB setup for bootstrapping

We will need a working FB-win32 installation to bootstrap the new FB compiler. If you do not have FB-win32 installed yet, download the latest FreeBASIC-X.XX.X-win32 release from the FB's download site∞. It should be extracted somewhere like C:\FreeBASIC-X.XX.X-win32.

Building the new FB setup

If you want to create a traditional standalone FB-win32 setup like the one from the FreeBASIC-X.XX.X-win32 release package, you need to tell FB's makefile by setting the ENABLE_STANDALONE variable. Furthermore, in order to compile for 64bit it is necessary to set the TARGET_ARCH variable manually, because MSYS' uname -m command does not support 64bit and thus the FB makefile would mis-detect the system as 32bit. Assuming the FB sources are located at C:\fbc, create a C:\fbc\config.mk file containing the following:

32bit:
```
ENABLE_STANDALONE = 1
```

64bit:

ENABLE_STANDALONE = 1

# Manually set TARGET_ARCH to override uname check for 64bit
TARGET_ARCH = x86_64

Then, open the MSYS bash using the .bat script mentioned above (with the proper PATH settings), go to the directory with the FB source code, run "make" with the FBC=... variable set to point to the existing fbc.exe to use for bootstrapping, and let it compile:

$ cd /c/fbc
$ make FBC=C:/FreeBASIC-X.XX.X-win32/fbc.exe

This should have produced the fbc.exe compiler and the libraries in lib\win32\ or lib\win64\ respectively. To complete this new FB setup, you need to add the binutils (as.exe, ar.exe, ld.exe, dlltool.exe) into bin\win32\ and copy in some MinGW libraries into lib\win32\.

Copy to C:\fbc\bin\win32 (32bit) or C:\fbc\bin\win64 (64bit):
- C:\MinGW-w64\bin\{ar,as,ld,dlltool}.exe
- GoRC.exe from http://www.godevtool.com/∞
For 64bit, or for using -gen gcc on 32bit, gcc.exe and cc1.exe are needed too.
- Copy C:\MinGW-w64\bin\gcc.exe to C:\fbc\bin\win{32|64}
- Copy C:\MinGW-w64\libexec\gcc\[target]\[version]\cc1.exe to C:\fbc\bin\libexec\gcc\[target]\[version]\cc1.exe
Copy to C:\fbc\lib\win32 (32bit) or C:\fbc\lib\win64 (64bit):
- C:\MinGW-w64\[target]\lib\{crt2,dllcrt2,gcrt2}.o
- C:\MinGW-w64\[target]\lib\lib{gmon,mingw32,mingwex,moldname}.a
- C:\MinGW-w64\[target]\lib\lib{advapi32,gdi32,imm32,kernel32,msimg32,msvcrt,user32,version,winmm,winspool}.a (rename to lib*.dll.a if wanted)
- C:\MinGW-w64\lib\gcc\[target]\[version]\{crtbegin,crtend}.o
- C:\MinGW-w64\lib\gcc\[target]\[version]\libgcc.a
- libffi.a (from the prebuilt libffi package or your own build)
  
  ([target] refers to i686-w64-mingw32 for 32bit MinGW-w64 or x86_64-w64-mingw32 for 64bit MinGW-w64, and [version] is the gcc version number)

You can copy more libraries if you need them, for example the C:\MinGW-w64\lib\gcc\[target]\[version]\libsupc++.a C++ support library, or other Win32 API DLL import libraries from the C:\MinGW-w64\[target]\lib\ directory.

Now, the new FB setup should be ready for use. You can use it right from the source tree or copy it somewhere else. The following are the relevant files and directories:

fbc.exe
bin/win32/ (32bit) or bin/win64/ (64bit)
inc/
lib/win32/ (32bit) or lib/win64/ (64bit)

Normal build (like Linux)

Getting an existing FB setup for bootstrapping

We will need a working fbc installation to bootstrap the new FB compiler. If you do not have fbc installed yet, download the latest fbc-X.XX.X-mingw-w64-i686 (32bit) or fbc-X.XX.X-mingw-w64-x86_64 (64bit) package from FB's download site∞, and extract it into the MinGW-w64 directory (C:\MinGW-w64) like a MinGW package. This will add a working fbc to your MinGW-w64 installation.

Building the new FB setup

In order to create a normal (non-standalone) build, just compile FB without specifying ENABLE_STANDALONE. However, in order to compile for 64bit it is necessary to set the TARGET_ARCH variable manually, because MSYS' uname -m command does not support 64bit and thus the FB makefile would mis-detect the system as 32bit.

32bit: no config.mk needed.

64bit: Create a config.mk containing the following:

# Manually set TARGET_ARCH to override uname check for 64bit
TARGET_ARCH = x86_64

Then, open the MSYS bash using the .bat script mentioned above (with the proper PATH settings), go to the directory with the FB source code, run "make" and let it compile:

$ cd /c/fbc
$ make

This should have produced the bin/fbc.exe compiler and the libraries in lib\freebasic\win32\ or lib\freebasic\win64\ respectively.

Optionally, you can copy this setup into the C:\MinGW-w64 tree by running "make install":

$ make install prefix=C:/MinGW-w64

It can be useful to store the prefix variable in config.mk, so you can run make install in the future without having to worry about it:

# config.mk:
prefix = C:/MinGW-w64

Installing fbc into the MinGW tree this way means that it acts as if it was a part of MinGW. However, it is also possible to use fbc from the source tree, without installing it elsewhere. It will invoke gcc -print-file-name=... in order to locate the MinGW binutils and libraries.

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ページ歴史:2020-10-09 16:54:34
日本語翻訳：WATANABE Makoto、原文著作者：DkLwikki