a sense of delivery
(納期意識)
a sense of problems
(問題意識)
a sense of purpose
(目的意識)
a statement of the inventory count
(棚卸結果)
a4 equivalent
(換算)
ABC
(活動基準原価計算:activity-based costing)
A cost accounting system that accumulates costs based on activities performed and then uses cost drivers to allocate these costs to products or other bases, such as customers, markets, or projects.
It is an attempt to allocate overhead costs on a more realistic basis than direct labor or machine hours.
→かつどうきじゅんげんかけいさん
ABC analysis
(ABC分析:ABC analysis)
Classification of a group of items in decreasing order of annual dollar volume (price * projected volume) or other criteria.
This array is then normally split into three classes, called A,B, and C. The A group usually represents 10% to 20% by number of items and 50% to 70% by projected dollar volume . The next grouping, B, usually represents about 20% of the items and about 20% of the dollar volume. The C class, contains 60% to 70% of the items and represents about 10% to 30% of the dollar volume.
The ABC principle states that effort and money can be saved through applying different controls to the low-dollar ,high-volume class than will be applied to improve control of high-value items . The ABC principle is applicable to inventories, purchasing ,sales ,etc.
→ABCぶんせき
ABC classification
(ABC層別)
ABC inventory control
(ABC在庫管理)
ABCぶんせき
(ABC分析:ABC analysis)
年間の発注金額(価格 * 予定発注量)などの、オーダー量の多寡を基準とする、品目の層別方法です。
この層別は通常A、B、C、と呼ばれる3つのクラスに分けられます。通常、 Aグループは品目の数では10%から20%と少ないですが、予定発注金額では50%から70%の大半を占めるクラスを表します。 次のグループBは通常、品目の数で20%、金額ボリュームでおよそ20%を表します。Cグループは、品目数では60%から70%と多いですが、金額ボリュームは、わずか10%から30%の品目を対象とします。
ABC原理は、高い価値の品目の管理を改善するために適用される方法と、それより低い金額の、量の多いグループを管理する方法を変えて、違う方法で管理することで、努力と費用を、削減できることを示します。 ABC原理は在庫管理、購買、販売、などに適用できます。
→ABC analysis、パレート図
abnormal demand
(計画外需要)
abolition of defect
(不良廃却)
absorption costing
(全部原価方式、全部原価計算)
acceptable quality level
(合格品質水準)
acceptance number
(合格判定個数)
acceptance sampling
(抜取検査方式)
acceptance without inspection
(無検査納入方式)
accessory
(アタッチメント(販売店装着))
account
(計算、計算書、会計、勘定、勘定書、明細書)
account day
(自社締め日)
account manager
(営業部長)
accounts payable
(買掛金)
accounts receivable
(売掛金)
accountable expense by department(section)
(部門別責任費)
accounting department
(経理部門)
accounting section
(経理課)
accounting slip
(会計伝票)
accounts receivable
(売掛金)
accrual accounting
(発生主義会計)
accrual basis of accounting
(発生主義会計)
accumulated depreciation
(減価償却累計額)
accumulated lead time
(累積L/T)
accumulated weight
(累積重量)
accumulating
(まとめ)
accumulation as lot
(ロットまとめ:accumulation as lot)
→ろっとまとめ
accumulation bin
(キット場)
accumulation to lot
(ロットまとめ:accumulation to lot)
→ろっとまとめ
accuracy
(精度)
正確さ
acknowledgment
(受領書)
acquisition cost
(発注コスト、取得原価)
acquisition value
(取得価額)
act of God
(不可抗力)
action
(処理)
action message
(異常報告)
activation
active inventory
(動いている在庫)
active load
activity-based costing
(アクティビティ基準原価)
actual cost system
(実際原価方式)
actual cost(s)
(実際原価)
actual cost accounting
(実際原価計算)
actual demand
(実需)
actual location and actual materials
(現地現物)
Literally translated, Genchi means the actual location and genbutsu means the actual materials or products.
Observe the production floor without preconceptions and with a blank mind. Repeat "Why" five times to every matter.
Data is of course important in manufacturing, but I place the greatest emphasis on facts.
Taiichi Ohno
→現地現物
actual volume
(実績)
adaptive smoothing
(適応平滑法)
added number
(追番)
addition
(追加)
additives
adhere to existing rules and standards
(躾(Shitsuke))
→5S
adjust
(整備)
adjustment
(加算代)
adjustment of ordering quantity
(発注量調整)
administration
(管理)
administration departament
(総務部)
affinity diagram
(親和図法)
→しんわずほう
affirmative action
(積極的優遇措置(少数民族、女性))
after -
(ヶ月以降)
aggregate forecast
(全体予測)
aggregate inventory
(在庫量)
全体在庫
aggregate inventory management
(在庫管理)
aggregate lead time
(累積リードタイム)
aggregate planning
(総合販生計画)
aggregate reporting
agile manufacturing
(アジャイル生産)
Many industries and markets are increasingly requiring much greater flexibility and timeliness from their manufacturers. The need to manufacture small quantities of highly customized products with perfect quality and 100% on-time delivery, and at a low cost is forcing companies to abandon the old ideas of mass production; even lean or world class mass production. To compete in this changing and unpredictable marketplace, and to thrive upon it, these companies are adopting agile manufacturing methods.
These methods require highly integrated and flexible technologies of production; not necessarily high-tech methods, but highly capable. To adequately address their customers fast changing and focused needs, the company's people must be very highly educated and trained, and significantly empowered within the constraints of a clear vision and delineated company principles and goals.
The company itself must have the ability to effect change rapidly, have highly flexible management structures, and comprehensive methods of introducing change and prospering from it. There must also be a mechanism for readily creating informal alliances with other companies and organizations - even competitors - to design and produce products and service that address the needs of the customers and the emerging marketplace.
These changes are taking place very fast in some industries, and more slowly in others. But the companies that will meet the challenges of the ever-changing global marketplace of the twenty-first century are those that are able to become agile in every aspect of their business. Agility is not a "magic wand" to solve all ills. It is built upon the firm foundation of world class or lean manufacturing methods, coupled with an organization that is physically, technologically, and managerial established for rapid and unpredictable change.
→アジャイル生産
AGVS
The automated guided vehicle or automatic guided vehicle (AGV) is a mobile robot used most often in industrial applications to move materials around a manufacturing facility or a warehouse.
→自動搬送システム
AI
(人工知能)
air conditioning
(空気調和)
algorithm
(アルゴリズム)
計算手順
all together
(全部)
allocated material
(引当済素材)
allocation
(引当、配賦)
1. The act of putting one thing to another.
類語: a placing; disposition; arrangement.
2. An allotment or apportionment.
The allocation of the particular portions of Palestine to its successive inhabitants.
Webster's 1913
→振当て
allocation costing
(全部原価方式)
allocation of inventory
(在庫引当)
allocation standard
(配賦基準)
allowance
(余裕(時間的)、引当金)
allowances
(余裕時間)
allowance for bad debts
(貸倒引当金)
allowances in kind
(現物給与)
alpha factor
(平滑定数(指数平滑法))
alteration division code
(変更区分コード)
alteration notice
(変通)
alteration notice no.
(変通№)
alteration of base machine
(機種変更区分コード)
alteration planning
(計画変更)
alternate feed stock
(代替在庫)
alternate operation
(代替作業)
alternate routing
(代替工程)
alternate work center
(代替加工部門)
American National Standards Institute
(アメリカ国家規格協会)
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
(アメリカ規格協会(ASA)情報交換標準コード)
amortization of deferred assets
(繰延費用償却費)
amount control
(金額管理)
amount of production
(生産量)
生産台数
amount of work
(作業量)
an allotment of interest
(金利負担)
analog
(アナログ)
andon
(あんどん(行灯))
In 'ancient' Japan, Andon was a paper lantern (a handy vertically collapsible paper lampshade with an open top and a candle placed at the central section of the closed bottom). To the ancient Japanese, Andon functioned as a flashlight, a signaling device in distance, or even a commercial sign.
Nowadays, Andon at many manufacturing facilities is an electronic device: audio and/or color-coded visual display. For example, suppose an Andon unit has three color zones (red, green, and orange) and when the orange zone flashes with a distinctive sound, it calls for an attention of and is signaling operator to replenish certain material.
→あんどん
annual inventory count
(期末棚卸)
annualized contract
(年次契約)
ANSI
(アメリカ国家規格協会:American National Standards Institute)
anticipated delay report
anticipation inventories
anticipation stock
(見越し在庫)
anticorrosive
(防錆)
antirust/packing expense
(防錆梱包費)
AOQL
Average Outgoing Quality Level
(平均出検品質)
APICS
(アメリカ生産在庫管理協会)
applicable model information
(適用機種情報)
applicable production
(生産対応)
applicable sales unit
(対象販売ユニット)
applicable serial no.
(対応号機)
applicable shipment
(出荷対応)
application package
(業務ソフト)
application system
(適用業務システム)
appraisal
(査定)
appraisal costs
(査定費用)
appropriation of income
(利益処分)
APS
先進的計画スケジューリング(APS)ソフトウェアは、エンタープライズ・リソース・プランニング(ERP)の中の盲点から芽生えたものです。(その盲点とは、伝統的な MRP のタイムフェイズでは、全ての素材が、親品目の標準リードタイムのスタート日に必要である、という仮定です。)
伝統的な ERP システムは、素材が必要とされる日付を計算するために、資材所要量テーブルでデータ要素(routing 工程・工数)を考慮していなかったのです。
Advanced planning and scheduling (APS) software sprouted from a blind spot in enterprise resource planning (ERP), an assumption that all materials are needed at a standard starting date.
Traditional ERP systems didn't design a data element in the material requirements table to indicate the date when material was needed.
APT
(約束できる契約:Available-to-Promise)
未振り(在庫・オーダ残)
AQL
acceptable quality level
(合格品質水準)
arbitration
(仲裁)
調停
arc welding
(アーク溶接)
arithmetic mean
(算術平均)
arrangements of one by one production
(1ケ流し生産)
arrival date
(納期)
arrow diagram
(アロー・ダイヤグラム)
An arrow diagram is another term for a PERT or CPM chart. It is a graphic description of the sequential steps that must be completed before a project can be completed.
AN ARROW DIAGRAM IS USED FOR:
-
Understanding and managing a complex project or task.
- Understanding and managing a project that is of major importance to the organization, and the consequences of late completion are severe.
- Understanding and managing a project in which multiple activities must take place and be managed simultaneously.
- Explaining the project status to others.
STEPS IN CONSTRUCTING AN ARROW DIAGRAM:
-
Select a team that is knowlegible about the project, its tasks, and subtasks.
- Record all of the tasks and subtasks necessary to the completion of the project.
- Sequence the tasks.
- Assign a time duration to each task.
- Calculate the shortest possible implementation time schedule using the critical path method.
- Calculate the earliest starting and finishing tmes for each task.
- Locate tasks with slack (extra) time and calculate total slack.
- Update the schedule as the project is being completed.
→アロー・ダイヤグラム
articles
(品物)
artificial intelligence
(AI 人工知能)
as a last resort
(最後の手段として)
AS/RS
(自動倉庫:automated storage/retrieval system)
ASAP (as soon as possible)
(できるだけ早く)
ASCII
(アメリカ規格協会(ASA)情報交換標準コード:American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
assays
(分析試験)
assemble-to-order
(受注組立生産)
assembled goods
(組立品)
assembly
(組立品)
assembly bin
(キット場)
assembly lead time
(組立リードタイム)
assembly line
(組立ライン)
assembly order
(組立オーダ)
assembly order number
(組立製番)
assembly parts list
(組立明細リスト)
assembly plan
(組立計画)
assembly production
(組立生産)
assembly section
(組立部門)
asset tax
(資産税)
assigned material
(引当済部材)
assignment
(引当)
assorting
(詰め合わせ)
キット化
assumption
(前提条件)
attached sheets
(添付資料)
attachment
(アタッチメント)
attendance rate
(出勤率)
audit
(監査)
authorized deviation
(公差)
authorized update person
(更新者)
authorized usage maintenance
(使用者権限保守)
Automated Guided Vehicle System
(自動搬送システム)
automated storage/retrieval system
(AS/RS)
automatic assembling system
(自動組立システム)
automatic inspection and measuring
(自動検査計測システム)
automatic processing system
(自動加工システム)
automatic relief
(自動引落し)
automatic rescheduling
(自動再計画)
automatic warehouse system
(自動倉庫システム)
automation
(自動)
autonomation
(自働化(自動に対して))
Jidoka is also referred to as autonomation -- equipment endowed with human intelligence to stop itself when it has a problem. In-station quality (preventing problems from being passed down the line ) is much more effective and less costly than inspecting and repairing quality problems after the fact.
Jidoka, one of two pillars (Just-in-Time and Jidoka) of TPS, traces back to Sakichi Toyoda and his long string of inventions that revolutionized the automatic loom. Among his inventions was a device that detected when a thread broke and, when it did, it would immediately stop the loom . You could then reset the loom and, most importantly, solve the problem to avoid repeating the defect (waste).
→自働化
autonomous work group
(自律作業チーム)
availability
(可動率・稼働率)
available inventory
(未振り正味在庫)
available stock
(有効在庫)
available work
(実行可能作業)
Available-to-Promise
(約束できる契約)
average cost per unit
(平均原価)
average forecast error
(平均予測誤差)
average inventory
(平均在庫量)
Average Outgoing Quality Level
(平均出検品質)
average overtime hours
(平均残業時間)
→へいきんざんぎょうじかん
award for continuous service
(永年勤続表彰)
Wordsworth - Version2.6.0 (C)1999-2002 濱地 弘樹(HAMACHI Hiroki)